Moby Dick Essays (2102 words) - Moby-Dick, Captain Ahab, Ishmael

Moby Dick Melvilles Symbols in Moby-Dick Herman Melville began working on his epic novel Moby-Dick in 1850, writing it primarily as a report on the whaling voyages he undertook in the 1830s and early 1840s. Many critics suppose that his initial book did not contain characters such as Ahab, Starbuck, or even Moby Dick, but the summer of 1850 changed Melvilles writing and his masterpiece. He became friends with author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was greatly influenced by him. He also read Shakespeare and Miltons Paradise Lost (Murray 41). These influences lead to the novel Melville completed and published in 1851. Although shunned by critics after its release, Moby-Dick enjoyed a critical renaissance in the 1920s and as assumed its rightful place in the canons of American and world literature as a great classic. Through the symbols employed by Melville, Moby-Dick studies mans relationship with his universe, his fate, and his God. Ahab represents the league humans make with evil when they question the fate God has willed upon them, and God is represented by the great white whale, Moby Dick. In Moby-Dick, Herman Melville uses a vast array of symbols and allegories in the search for the true explanation of mans place in the universe and his relationship with his fate and his God. The focus of cruel fate and evil symbols is placed on the head of Ahab, captain of the Pequod. Ishmael, though narrator of the story, is not the center of Moby-Dick after Captain Ahab is introduced onto the deck of the ship and into action. The focus of the novel shifts from the freshman whaler to experienced Ahab, an ungodly, god-like man (Melville 82). Having been a whaler for many years, he is a well respected captain, yet his previous voyage has left him without a limb, and in its place is a peg leg carved from whale ivory. Ahab remains below decks shadowed in obscurity for the initial stages of the Pequods journey into the Atlantic. Ahab soon reveals his devilish plan to his crew, however, in a frenzied attack of oratory he wishes to seek, hunt, and destroy the White Whale, the fabled Moby Dick. It was the white whale Moby Dick which had, on Ahabs prior voyage, ravenously devoured his leg, and Ahab harbored a resentful revenge on his persecutor. Any mention of Moby Dick sent Ahab into a furious rage (Melville 155). He riles against Starbuck, the first mate and Starbuck replies, vengeance on a dumb brute! . . . to be enraged with a dumb thing, Captain Ahab, seems blasphemous (Melville 155). It is through Ahabs speech and his subsequent dialogue with Starbuck that a second major symbol is introduced into the story, Moby Dick. Blasphemy is irreverence toward God or something sacred, not irreverence toward a dumb brutish whale. Yet Starbuck accuses Ahab of blasphemy. Melville places this rather harsh accusatory word in the mouth of the Christian-minded Starbuck, directed at a devilishly revengeful Ahab. The only way actions taken against Moby Dick could be blasphemous is if he is sacred. Through indirect descriptions of Moby Dick and direct rantings of an insane man, Melville peppers Moby-Dick with hints and clues at the true essence Ahab sees behind the symbol of Moby Dick. According to sailors stories and legends, Moby Dick is seen in two places at once at different places around the globe. In this trait Melville is suggesting omnipresence, a godlike trait (Melville 172). The sailors think he is immortal, another godlike trait, because he has been harpooned many times and still lives (Braswell 152). Ahab himself believes Moby Dicks power is outrageous, like Gods omnipotence. Ahab states in Chapter XXXVI, that inscrutable thing [Moby Dicks power] is chiefly what I hate (Melville157). In addition to the godlike characteristics of omnipotence and omnipresence, Moby Dick has garnered a reputation for tearing through sinners. He shows godlike justice and mercy in saving Steelkilt and killing the unjust Radney, as the crew learns from the sailors of the Town-Ho (Auden 11). Melville uses many other symbols to make the white whale a symbol of divine power (Braswell 151). His awful austere beauty is godlike, as is his titanic power and his pyramid-like white hump. His color, white, has

dental phobia essays

dental phobia essays My intervention is based on "John", a 15-year-old boy who has a phobia of dentists. Other than this, he shows no other mental problems, he has had some unrelated disciplinary problems at school, and also has no fear of doctors or needles. His dental phobia has prohibited him from seeing a dentist in 6 years. He has avoided dental appointments by not turning up, whilst also undertaking strict teeth cleaning behaviours, such as religious brushing, to avoid the chance that he may need dental intervention. He has even expressed a dislike for very hard food as he may damage a tooth, requiring dental intervention. John's parents could not specify the phobia's starting point, only that it had been around ever since they could remember. He has not tried any methods to solve his phobia to date, however his parents have attended dental appointments and offer him support to get through them. These have only produced refusals to get in the car to go to appointments, and to even go inside the surgery. I conducted an interview with John on our first meeting, where I simply talked to him and asked him questions in order to get background information on his problem and gauge the severity of it. There was no specific questions asked, or recordings made. The first scale I used to gauge the progression of John, was the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) presented in Appendix 1. This was administered at the start of therapy, and then again at the halfway point of therapy, as well as at the end. The DFS is a 20 item self-report measure that allows assessment of dental anxiety on three subscales, fear stimuli (items 14-18), physiological arousal (items 3-7), and dental avoidance tendencies (items 1,2"9,10,11,12,13 & 20) (Malouff & Schutte, 1995). Each item is scored with a 5-point scale, with 1 being low anxiety and 5 highly anxious. The higher the score in each section, the more dental anxiety experienced. The DFS is also a very accurate test to administe...